Mexico

Mexico (  / ˈ m ɛ k s ɨ k oʊ <span class="IPA" style="font-family:'LucidaSansUnicode','ArialUnicodeMS';" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/  ; Spanish: México; IPA: <span class="IPA" style="font-family:'LucidaSansUnicode','ArialUnicodeMS';" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈme.xi.ko]  ( listen)), officially the United Mexican States<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9" style="line-height:1em;">[9] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10" style="line-height:1em;">[10]  (Spanish:  Estados Unidos Mexicanos (help·)), is afederal constitutional republic in Southern North America. It is bordered on the north by theUnited States of America; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11" style="line-height:1em;">[11]  Covering almost two million square kilometres (over 760,000 sq mi),<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-cia.gov_2-1" style="line-height:1em;">[2] Mexico is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent nation in the world. With an estimated population of over 113 million,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-INEGI_2010_Census_Statistics_12-0" style="line-height:1em;">[12] it is the world's eleventh most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country. Mexico is a federation comprising thirty-one states and a Federal District, the capital city.

<p style="margin-top:0.4em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:19.1875px;font-family:sans-serif;">In pre-Columbian Mexico many cultures matured into advanced civilizations such as the Olmec, the Toltec, the Teotihuacan, the Zapotec, the Maya and the Aztec before first contact with Europeans. In 1521, Spain conquered and colonized the territory from its base in México-Tenochtitlan, which was administered as the Viceroyalty ofNew Spain. This territory would eventually become Mexico following recognition of the colony's independence in 1821. The post-independence period was characterized byeconomic instability, the Mexican-American War and territorial cession to the United States, a civil war, two empires and a domestic dictatorship. The latter led to theMexican Revolution in 1910, which culminated with the promulgation of the 1917 Constitution and the emergence of the country's current political system. Elections held in July 2000 marked the first time that an opposition party won the presidency from the Institutional Revolutionary Party. Since 2006 the country has been in the midst of a drug war which has caused 60,000 deaths.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13" style="line-height:1em;">[13]

<p style="margin-top:0.4em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:19.1875px;font-family:sans-serif;">Mexico has one of the world's largest economies, and is considered both a regional power and middle power.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14" style="line-height:1em;">[14] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-15" style="line-height:1em;">[15] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-16" style="line-height:1em;">[16] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-17" style="line-height:1em;">[17]  In addition, Mexico was the first Latin Americanmember of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OECD (since 1994), and considered an upper-middle income country by the World Bank.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-wb-upper-middle_18-0" style="line-height:1em;">[18] Mexico is considered a newly industrialized country<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Globalization_19-0" style="line-height:1em;">[19] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Limits_20-0" style="line-height:1em;">[20] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AIA_21-0" style="line-height:1em;">[21] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Principles_22-0" style="line-height:1em;">[22]  and an emerging power.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-23" style="line-height:1em;">[23]  It has the thirteenth largest nominal GDP and the eleventh largest GDP bypurchasing power parity. The economy is strongly linked to those of its North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) partners, especially the United States of America.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-24" style="line-height:1em;">[24] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-25" style="line-height:1em;">[25]  Mexico ranks sixth in the world and first in the Americas by number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites with 31,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-26" style="line-height:1em;">[26] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-27" style="line-height:1em;">[27] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-28" style="line-height:1em;">[28]  and in 2007 was the tenth most visited country in the world with 21.4 million international arrivals per year.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-29" style="line-height:1em;">[29]